Thyroid Issues on the Rise: A Hidden Health Crisis in India
In India, the alarming increase in thyroid-related problems has become a pressing health concern, with recent surveys indicating that nearly 50 million people are affected. Often likened to an invisible enemy, many individuals remain unaware of their condition. The thyroid gland, located at the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and is vital for both physical and mental growth.
Hypothyroidism, characterized by a deficiency of thyroid hormones, can lead to fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and irregular menstrual cycles in women. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can cause excessive stimulation of the body, resulting in weight loss, excessive sweating, and tremors. Notably,women are four to five times more likely to suffer from thyroid issues than men,notably during pregnancy,where hormonal imbalances can severely impact the newborn’s development. This underscores the importance of thyroid testing during pregnancy and screening newborns within the first week of life to prevent future complications. Despite the critical nature of these tests, they are not yet mandatory in India, presenting a meaningful challenge.
Iodine deficiency has long been recognized as a major contributor to thyroid disorders, but the mandatory use of iodized salt has helped mitigate this issue. however, iodine deficiency can still lead to goiter and other serious health complications if not addressed promptly. Along with iodine, ensuring adequate selenium and iron intake through a balanced diet is essential for maintaining thyroid health. While endocrinology departments exist in various medical colleges across the country, their numbers remain insufficient relative to the population. Raising public awareness about thyroid health is crucial; timely detection and treatment can make managing thyroid-related diseases much more feasible.
